Glossary of terms
- Adversity
- The experience of life events and circumstances which may combine to threaten or challenge healthy development.
- Ecological model
- A model of child development that highlights the mutual influence and interaction between the child and factors within the family and wider community.
- Extrinsic factors
- Factors at work in the immediate or wider environment such as family and community factors.
- Intrinsic factors
- Inherent characteristics of an individual child such as temperament, sociability etc.
- Protective environment
- Comprises the factors in the child’s environment that act as a buffer to the negative effects of adverse experiences.
- Resilience
- Normal development under difficult conditions.
- Vulnerability
- Innate or acquired characteristics of the child which might threaten or challenge healthy development.
References
- Daniel, B. & Wassell, S. (2002a) The Early Years: Assessing and Promoting Resilience in Vulnerable Children 1. London : Jessica Kingsley (Publishers) Ltd.
- Daniel, B. & Wassell, S. (2002b) The School Years: Assessing and Promoting Resilience in Vulnerable Children 2. London : Jessica Kingsley (Publishers) Ltd.
- Daniel, B. & Wassell, S. (2002c) Adolescence: Assessing and Promoting Resilience in Vulnerable Children 3. London: Jessica Kingsley (Publishers) Ltd.
- Daniel, B., Wassell, S. and Gilligan, R. (1999) Child Development for Child Care and Protection Workers. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
- Fonagy, P., Steele, M., Steele, H., Higgitt, A. and Target, M. (1994) 'The Emanuel Miller Memorial Lecture 1992: The theory and practice of resilience.' Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, 2, 231-257.
- Gilligan, R. (1997) 'Beyond permanence? The importance of resilience in child placement practice and planning.' Adoption and Fostering, 21, 1, 12-20.
- Luthar, S.S. (1991) 'Vulnerability and resilience: a study of high-risk adolescents.' Child Development, 62, 600-612.
- Rutter, M. (1985) 'Resilience in the face of adversity: Protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder.' British Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 598-611.
- Werner, E. (1990) 'Protective factors and individual resilience.' In S.Meisels and J. Shonkoff (eds) Handbook of Early Childhood Intervention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Werner, E.E. and Smith, R.S. (1992) Overcoming the Odds: High Risk Children from Birth to Adulthood. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.